Woven fabric.



THOMAS BENTON DORNAN, 0F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

WOVEN FABRIC.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 9, 1909.

Application filed June 3, 1908. Serial No. 436,495.

To all whom a may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS BENTON DORNAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and btate of Pennsylvania, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in WVoven Fabrics, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings, forming part thereof.

My invention relates to woven fabrics such as are used for carpets and rugs, of the class in which pattern and color effects are produced by means of heavy warp and weft threads, while a homogeneous and compact structure and an embossed or pile-like appearance are secured by the use of fine binding threads.

The object of the invention is to secure, in a fabric of the class above referred to, a great variety of solid and mixed color effects with a minimum number of threads, so as to produce at a comparatively low cost, a fabric of a pleasing appearance resembling that of heavier and more expensive fabrics.

To this end the invention comprises a fabric in which the binding threads are of different colors, being arranged in two or more sets, and are controlled independently in the loom, so that they contribute to the figuring of the fabric, and thus a variety of color effects is produced which cannot be secured with a fabric of the same number of threads in which the binding threads are all of the same color or are uniformly controlled, as is usual, by heddles.

Other features of the invention will appear from the following description of the embodiment of the invention illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

1 will now describe the fabric illustrated, and will thereafter point out my invention in claims.

Figures 1, 2 and 3 are longitudinal sections, and Fig. 4 is a transverse section, of a fabric embodying my invention, showing several different color effects produced by the same warp and weft threads.

These drawings are diagrammatic, and do not illustrate the actual appearance of the fabric.

The illustrated embodiment of the invention contains four sets of warp threads and contains weft threads arranged in sets of three or six weft threads in each set. The several shots of weft in a repeat of the weave are numbered consecutively, and the several different arrangements of the threads, producing different color effects, are designated by the letters A to K.

Of heavy warp threads there are two sets,

V and W, which act in some portions of.

the fabric as stuffers and which in other portions of the fabric appear on the face as figuring threads. These warp threads may be of different colors, but when a solid warp effect is desired they are both of the same color. The other two sets of warp threads, w and 3 are of comparatively fine and strong yarn, to serve as binders, and are of different colors.

Of the weft threads those designated 1, 2, l and 5 are heavy figuring threads of different colors, while the weft threads 3 and 6 are comparatively fine binding threads.

In the effects shown at A, B, C, D, E and F, the heavy warp threads are buried in the body of the fabric, while the heavy weft threads appear upon the surface, being tied and indented by the binding warp threads so as to secure the embossed or ribbed effect characteristic of fabrics of this class; These effects may therefore be described as weft effects, as the weft threads predominate, although they are not pure weft effects, since the binding warp threads contribute to the color. The binding weft threads at these portions of the fabric are all shot between. The heavy warp threads and the binding warp threads pass alternately over and under figuring weft threads and binding weft threads.

For purposes of illustration, let it be assumed that the several threads have the following colors: the heavy warp threads V and WV, red; binding warp thread 00, black; binding warp thread y, yellow; heavy weft thread 1, green; heavy weft thread 2, white; binding weft thread 3, red. In some of the effects six shots of weft go to a repeat of the weave, but the shots 4, 5 and 6 are merely repetitions of shots 1, 2 and 3, the same threads being used.

Effect A is a green weft effect, bound by black, on the upper face, and a white weft effect bound by yellow on the lower face. The sheds to produce this effect are as follows: first, black binder up; second, black warp threads up; second, black binder up;

third, yellow binder and heavy warp thread The eflect D is a reversal of the effect C and is produced by reversing the sheds:

The effect E is the same on both faces, and is a mixed weft effect, in which green and white weft threads appear alternately, and in which the green weft threads are bound by black warps and the white weft threads by yellow warps. Six shots of weft are required to a repeat of this weave. The sheds are as follows: first, black binder up; second, black binder and both heavy warp threads up; third, yellow binder and heavy warp thread V up; fourth, yellow binder and both heavy warp threads up; fifth, yellow binder up; sixth, black binder and heavy warp thread V up.

The effect F differs from the effect E in that here the green weft threads are bound by yellow warps,while the white weft threads are bound by black warps. Here the sheds are as follows: first, yellow binder up; second, yellow binder and both heavy warp threads up; third, black binder and heavy warp thread V up; fourth, black binder and both heavy warp threads up; fifth, black binder up; sixth, yellow binder and heavy warp thread V up.

The effect G is a warp effect on the upper face, the heavy weft threads being both below the heavy warp threads, while the latter appear on the upper face, bound by the binding weft threads. In the illustrative arrangement of colors above described, since the heavy warp threads and the binding weft threads are all red, the effect G is a solid color effect on the upper face. On the lower face it is a mixed effect, in which green and white predominate. The sheds to produce this effect are as. follows: first, black binder and both heavy warp threads up; second, same as the first; third, black binder and heavy warp thread W up; fourth, yellow binder and heavy warp threads up; fifth, same as the fourth; sixth, yellow binder and heavy warp thread V up.

The effects H, I, J and K are mixed or ribbed warp-and-weft efiects on the upper face, in which heavy figuring weft threads alternate with rows of loops of heavy warp thread. In the effect H, green heavy weft threads are bound by black binding warp threads. The sheds by which this effect is produced are as follows: first, black binder up; second, black binder and both heavy warp threads up; third, black binder and heavy warp thread W up; fourth, both heavy warp threads up; fifth, yellow binder and both heavy arp threads up; sixth, both heavy warp threads up. In the effect I, green heavy weft threads are bound by yellow binding warp threads. The sheds are as follows: first, yellow binder up; second, yellow binder and both heavy warp threads up; third, yellow binder and heavy warp thread W up; fourth, both heavy warp threads up fifth, black binder and both heavy warp threads up; sixth, both heavy warp threads up. In the effect J, white heavy weft threads are bound by yellow binding warp threads. The sheds are as follows: first, yellow binder and both heavy warp threads up; second, yellow binder up; third, yellow binder and heavy warp thread IV up; fourth, black binder and both heavy warp threads up; fifth, both heavy warp threads up; sixth,

same as the fifth. In the effect K, white heavy weft threads are bound by black binding warp threads. The sheds are as follows: first, black binder and both heavy warp threads up; second, black binder up; third, black binder and heavy warp thread IV up fourth, yellow binder and both heavy warp threads up; fifth, both heavy warp threads up; sixth, same as the fifth. In all of the effects H to K, the lower face has a mixed appearance, with white and green predominating. Obviously any of the ef fects G to K may be reversed, but this is not usually desirable, as the appearance of their lower faces is not as pleasing as equivalent color effects produced in the other ways described above.

A constant characteristic of the structure of the fabric in all of the effects above described is the fact that binding weft threads are shot between the two sets of heavy warp threads, and in this manner the heavy warp threads are maintained in two planes and the ribbed effect of the faces of the fabric is enhanced. The differently colored binding threads, while they are not sufficiently prominent to dominate the color effects, permit a shading of the weft effects which adds to the fabric a great variety of tones or shadings. Thus, as between the effects A and B, on the upper face, the predominating color in both is green, but in the effect A this is slightly darkened or shaded by the black binding warp threads, while in the effect B it is lightened by the yellow binding warp threads.

Further variety may be introduced by making the heavy warp threads V and W and the binding weft threads all of different colors, but in this case a solid color effect Several other efi'ects may be produced with the same threads, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, but the effects specifically described are suiiicient to indicate the great variety which may be secured by the use of my invention. I do not claim the specific structures of the several effects as my invention, but the combination of figuring and binding threads of different colors and the variations in the arrangement of the threads, particularly the binding warp threads, by which the variety of coloring is secured.

Various modifications may be made in the fabric herein specifically described, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, within the principle and scope'of my invention as defined in the following claims.

I claim:

1. A woven fabric comprising heavy figuring warp threads, a plurality of sets of light binding and figuring warp threads of different colors, figuring weft threads of different colors, and binding weft threads, the binding warp threads being arranged so that figuring weft threads of the same color are bound by binding warp threads of different colors in different repeats of the weave.

2. A woven fabric comprising heavy figuring warp threads, a plurality of sets of light binding and figuring warp threads of different colors, figuring weft threads outside of the heavy warp threads, and binding weft threads between the heavy warp threads, the binding warp threads bein arranged so that figuring weft threads of the same color are bound by binding warp threads of different colors in different repeats of the weave.

3. A woven fabric comprising heavy warp threads, binding weft threads between the heavy warp threads, light figuring and binding warp threads, and figuring weft threads outside of the heavy warp threads and bound by the binding warp threads, the weft threads being arranged, in some portions of the fabric, with two figuring weft threads and a binding weft thread in each loop of binding warp thread, and at other portions of the fabric with a pair of figuring weft threads in each alternate loop of binding warp thread and a single binding weft thread in each intermediate loop of binding warp threads.

4. A woven fabric comprising heavy figuring warp threads, binding weft threads between the heavy warp threads, figuring weft threads outside of the heavy warp threads, and binding warp threads, the weft threads being arranged with two figuring threads and a binding thread in a loop of binding warp threads, and at some portions of the fabric the two figuring weft threads in a loop being on opposite sides of the heavy warp threads, while at other portions both figuring threads are on the same side of the heavy warp threads.

5. A woven fabric comprising two sets of heavy warp threads, figuring weft threads above and below the heavy warp threads, and two sets of light binding and figuring warp threads, of which each set passes, at

some portions of the fabric, alternately over and under the figuring weft threads and the binding Weft threads, and, at other portions of the fabric, alternately over the figuring weft threads on the upper face of the fabric and under the figuring weft threads on the lower face of the fabric.

6. A woven fabric comprising heavy warp threads, light binding warp threads, heavy figuring weft threads, and light binding weft threads, the figuring weft threads being bound upon the faces of the fabric by the binding warp threads in loops distended by the heavy warp threads, and the binding warp threads being so arranged that a given thread, at some portions of the fabric, binds weft threads upon one face of the fabric exclusively, and at other portions of the fabric binds weft threads upon the other face exclusively.

7 A woven fabric comprising heavy warp threads arranged in two sets, light binding weft threads arranged between the two sets of heavy warp threads, heavy figuring weft threads arranged outside of the two sets of heavy warp threads, and light binding warp threads arranged in pairs and binding the heavy weft threads upon the faces of the fabric, each binding warp thread passing alternately about a heavy weft thread on one face of the fabric and about a binding weft thread in the middle of the fabric, and each binding warp thread being arranged in some parts of the fabric to bind heavy weft threads exclusively upon one face of the fabric, and at other parts of the fabric to bind heavy weft threads exclusively upon the other face of the fabric.

In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature in presence of two witnesses.

THOMAS BENTON DORNAN.

Witnesses:

GEORGE W. GOLDEN, S. D. BAILEY. 

